The Airmen and the Headhunters: A True Story of Lost Soldiers, Heroic Tribesmen and the Unlikeliest Rescue of World War II

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The  Airmen and the Headhunters: A True Story of Lost Soldiers, Heroic Tribesmen and the Unlikeliest Rescue of World War II 

[Bargain Price][Paperback]  Judith M. Heimann (Author)

book of : http://www.amazon.com/The-Airmen-Headhunters-Tribesmen-Unlikeliest/dp/B002ZNJXGW

from : http://www.harcourtbooks.com/airmenheadhunters/interview.asp

The story behind The Airmen and the Headhunters: A True Story of Lost Soldiers, Heroic Tribesmen and the Unlikeliest Rescue of World War may sound like the plot of a movie but it is a true tale of survival. Judith M. Heimann draws on her long career as a diplomat and author to bring this little known episode of World War II to life.
Q: You spent a decade piecing together the events in The Airmen and the Headhunters: A True Story of Lost Soldiers, Heroic Tribesmen and the Unlikeliest Rescue of World War IIfrom hundreds of different sources. How did you first learn of this little-known but harrowing episode of World War II?
JH: In 1992 I was sitting in the War Memorial Library in Canberra, Australia, going through the papers of Tom Harrisson. I was writing a book about him because he had led a little-known special operations unit behind enemy lines in Borneo in the middle of WWII. One of the documents I came across was a letter addressed to Major Harrisson that was written in the rounded Palmer Method handwriting taught in American schools in the 1940s. The letter was signed by nine U.S. airmen—some army, some navy, with their ranks and serial numbers—who were being hidden in the jungles of Borneo by natives. I knew then that there was a story here that had to be uncovered and told.
Q: What kind of research went into understanding the unique psyche of airmen who flew in the B-24 bomber, both before they were shot down and after? Was WWII aviation new ground for you?
JH: In all, eleven U.S. airmen were shot down over Borneo, survived the war, and returned home. Of these, I was able to track down five while they were still alive; I interviewed each of them several times. I used taped interviews, memoirs, diaries, and other documents from these men and two others. I also interviewed wives and widows. I drew on all these sources to understand what was going on inside the airmen’s heads at various times in the story. I also read some very insightful comments about what this particular generation of flyers was like. I found Samuel Hynes’sThe Soldiers’ Tale: Bearing Witness to a Modern War, Paul Fussell’s Doing Battle: The Making of a Skeptic, James Bradley’s Flyboys: A True Story of Courage, and Studs Terkel’s The Good War: An Oral History of World War II especially helpful.
Q: How did the surviving airmen and their families respond to your interest in their experiences?
JH: With unstinting generosity and unswerving frankness. All of them felt the story should be told—and to a wider audience than they had been able to attract or reach on their own. Their interest was not mercenary at all; they just felt that the story—and the role the Borneo tribespeople play in it—deserved wider recognition.
Q: Set primarily in the jungle forests of Borneo,The Airmen and the Headhunters offers a rare glimpse of the daily lives of the island’s native tribes, the isolated Dayaks. By contrast, you are a seasoned world traveler. How did you find common ground with the Dayaks when you interviewed them?
JH: As a diplomat, I am less of a world traveler than I am someone who has lived for years at a time in different places where I’ve tried to fit in and feel at home. This way, I have a better sense of what the place and the people are really like, so that I can find things where we agree, work together, or at least understand where the other side is coming from. (That is why diplomacy can never be reduced to telegrams, phone calls, e-mails, or even teleconferences and occasional visits.)
In this case, I had already lived in Borneo for two years (in the 1960s) and I spoke the lingua franca (Malay). Also, the Dayak people already knew what I was interested in. In 2000 I had arranged for a woman they had known as a baby, Thea Makahanap, to come and ask questions on my behalf. She is the daughter of their wartime district officer (an Indonesian from another island), and she traveled there with her teenage son, Stefan. Then, in 2003, I made this journey, also accompanied by Stefan. He spoke no English but knew where to find the people I wanted to meet. As guests, we sat in front rooms of the houses of the people I wanted to interview; that was probably the most useful element in setting up successful interviews.
I also had enough experience of interior Borneo to know how not to behave: not to loom over people, talk loudly, wear shoes indoors, or touch people on the head. To me, it seemed obvious how to behave politely: dress simply but modestly, look people straight in the eye, shake hands, accept refreshment graciously, speak softly, and ask permission before taking photos or recording interviews.
Q: Your book paints the Dayaks as patient storytellers who draw out their tales for hours or even days. How did their culture of storytelling affect your research?
JH: I spoke Malay well enough that we could understand one another; not so well, however, that they did not feel the need to keep things as simple and clear as they could for me. Our conversations stayed pretty straightforward. I know of their long nights of storytelling from other occasions, when I was living in Sarawak, and from books I have read by or about these people. The most useful book I read on this topic wasChanging Borders and Identities in the Kelabit Highlands by Poline Bala, an inland tribeswoman who is now preparing for a doctorate in anthropology at Cambridge University.
Q: The Dayaks had moved away from their practice of headhunting by the time the Americans crashed on Borneo. Yet their decision to help the downed airmen elude Borneo’s Japanese occupiers sparked a return to this long-renounced ritual. How did the Dayaks feel about discussing this part of their past with you nearly sixty years later?
JH: They were perfectly comfortable talking about it. It was a known part of their not-so-distant past (the early 1930s). In any case, this 1945 activity was not headhunting per se. These Japanese men had been killed in a modern war because they were enemies, not to take heads. Once the enemy soldiers were dead, there seemed to be no harm in honoring these heads as they had honored heads from rival longhouses in the past.
Q: Have you always been a writer? What’s the secret to squeezing research and writing time into the busy life of a diplomat?
JH: Yes, I have always been a writer since childhood. My father and three uncles were all professional writers; my daughter and sister also write. I have done a lot of writing as a diplomat, much of it drawing on interviews with politicians and people who have valuable insights or information. Many of these interviews were conducted in what was for me a foreign language. I find people are more themselves in their own language and so, if I have the choice, I use their language rather than mine.
My books have been researched as opportunities arose but they have been written at times when I was in a period of doing little or no diplomacy. Currently, I work as a diplomat only a few days a week and only six months a year, which gives me time to write. I am already working on my next book, which takes place in Java, Indonesia.
Q: You’ve now written two books about WWII soldiers, including The Most Offending Soul Alive. What drives your continued interest in that era?
JH: I would start by saying that the chief interest for me is finding subjects where East meets West. My first overseas experience was living three years in Southeast Asia in the late 1950s, and it changed my life. But my interest in World War II in the Pacific has grown as I have learned more about it. I guess the biggest appeal for me is that this was a war all Americans can be proud of, up to and including the decision to save probably hundreds of thousands of lives—Japanese as well as American—by using the atomic bomb against an enemy that simply did not know how to surrender.

Suhardi Pandery: earth peg (medicinal plants)

File:Gelas pasak bumi.jpg (Size of this preview: 351 × 599 pixels. Other resolution: 140 × 240 pixels. Full resolution ‎(493 × 841 pixels, file size: 71 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg))

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image by: http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Main_Page

Naming earth peg does fit the shape of the roots of this plant is similar to wood or nails from wood that stuck straight into the earth. This plant is found growing in Borneo, it is no wonder then Pegs Earth become one of the most famous medicinal plant since ancient tribal society such as the banjo and Borneo Dayak. However, it is now very difficult to find this type of timber.

Wood is efficacious to overcome: Diabetes, High Blood Pressure, Increase Vitality, Uric Acid, Rheumatic, Back Pain, Asthma, Dental Pain, Itching, anti malaria.

Dosage: Soaked in hot water 15 minutes or more bra cup in half drunk after dinner.

by: https : //www.facebook.com/suhardi.pandery

things that only exist in Borneo

BANANA GAMBUR

 Banana GAMBUR

Have you ever come across this one banana tree, banana supposedly only grow island of Borneo, the Dayak people call it a Banana GAMBUR.

Specific features of this banana tree dr ill forming clumps grow single alias, and none were a child or shoot around, breeding through its seeds which is a lot, but bananas can not be consumed because it supposedly bananas as a natural contraceptive society Borneo, roots mixed with other materials and drunk so she is not going to have any more children;

from: https://www.facebook.com/sugeng.priyadi.12




Type owl Borneo.

Add caption

Oval face with the characteristic shape of 'leaf love'. Part not too bent and slightly flattened elongated faces hidden in the fur. Segment of leg length and the lower segment unfeathered. Thin black fur speckled with brown dominant color beige black:

from: https://www.facebook.com/mas.jiwo.pogogowl Borneo

45 Percent area will Kalimantan So the World Lung

The government will allocate 45 percent of Kalimantan as the lungs of the world, as part of efforts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 26 percent by 2020.

Aerial photographs of forest in East Kalimantan (photo: dock). Greenpeace said the government should review the concessions if the target of 45 percent Kalimantan as the lungs of the world.

Fathiyah Wardah

The latest version per: 01.29.2012 19:00

.President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono recently signed a Presidential Decree on Spatial Planning of the island of Borneo. In a presidential decree stated that the government would allocate 45 percent of Kalimantan as the lungs of the world.

Secretary General of the Ministry of Forestry Daryanto to VOA in Jakarta said the move was made as an effort to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 26 percent by 2020.

Daryanto explains, "stated 45 percent for conservation and functions well protected vegetation cover dalah humid tropical forests designated as lungs of the world. So we hope that biodiversity, tropical forests, rich flora and fauna such as in Borneo and this endemic prevented its extinction, destruction., and we can do the rehabilitation and protection activities as well as areas that serve protected, because that protection is important for the water system. "

Hadi added in addition to forest issues, the rules on spatial Borneo include energy independence and national energy storages for power, mining and palm oil.

The government said coordination will be done by local governments in the four provinces. Furthermore, Hadi said the government also plans to make the most of the area in Papua and Sumatra as the lungs of the world.

"Dismantling the forest be nice if we unload and we release carbon will not be able to fulfill our commitment of 26 percent. So there will be another spatial Papua island, it's being made, there are 4 islands coming out, the new Borneo," said Daryanto.

Meanwhile, Greenpeace forest campaigner, Bustar Maitar meyatakan government should conduct a review of existing concessions in Kalimantan if you want to make 45 percent of Kalimantan as the lungs of the world.

"To reach 45 percent, which should be done by the government conducted a review of existing concessions in Kalimantan. Without it I thought it would be impossible to reach 45 percent. Politically we look good, we support it, but then it is a political commitment alone is not enough. to be completely realized in the field. Otherwise, we risk being committed something without any realization, "said Bustar Maitar.

Bustar said President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono is not enough to issue a presidential decree. President Yudhoyono said Bustar should lead directly reexamination of existing concessions.

If it is not done then, according Bustar, destruction of forests in Indonesia will continue to happen.

from : http://www.voaindonesia.com/content/article-45-persen-wilayah-kalimantan-akan-jadi--paru-paru-dunia-138319194/104186.html

KALIMANTAN FOREST FIRE: A VICIOUS CIRCLE

Fatur Fatkhurohman (https://www.facebook.com/global.stoore): MODIS Hotspot October 5, 2012 Central Kalimantan .... MenungguGodot.Com

PHOTO: by Jeefry Wiraswastama-The United Dayak Up shrubs at the edge in any way already burning (https://www.facebook.com/jeefry.wiraswastama)

By Alma Gawei Oceandy The Dayak United (file) on Monday, 3 October 2011 at 15:15 ·

The article below I wrote in mid-2003 in order to overcome the problems con consultation forest fires and smoke in Central Kalimantan since 1997 occurred almost every year and have been published in the daily Kalteng Post. Eight years have passed, but still the same problem we face. It's a vicious circle (vicious cycle) problem is the large forest fires that can only be decided by a radical act of all aspects simultaneously (concerted actions). Let us not wait until everything has been burned and the next generation every year in smoked (smoked generation) that terhilangkan their right to a better quality of health and is unable to think of a way out of this vicious circle. Demi is all grown up now they must act.

FOREST FIRE: A VICIOUS CIRCLE

Forest Fire: A Vicious Cycle

1. Preliminary
Borneo has a subscription annually forest fires. Some of us may think of this as a normal thing which is the cycle of nature and just accept it. But look more often and extent of the smoke nuisance caused by these fires, we must be careful that this is not the usual forest fires in Ngaju Dayak language we know as "supposed". Forest fires in the last 6 years can be categorized as natural disasters.

It is unfortunate that the efforts of central and local governments especially relevant agencies to prevent the recurrence of forest fires and sensitize employers and the public is minimal, always late and while impressed. Opportunity to prepare for the prevention of forest fires in the dry season is not used to its full potential. Law enforcement and making additional rules to control the use of fire in forest lands close ranks are not prioritized by the relevant agencies and Parliament / Council. One example is the news of a fire engine Palangkaraya municipality owned forest which proves that the brake tension supporting facilities to extinguish a forest fire is not feasible. While many studies conducted by researchers from within and outside the country seem futile because of lack of awareness and agility of the Central Government to actualize the results of these studies in government policies.

David Glover and his friends in the book "Indonesia's Fire and Haze" in 1999 memperkitakan magnitude of economic losses caused by forest fires in 1997 to about 5 million hectares of land and property suffered by 70 million people in Indonesia and neighboring countries. Losses for Indonesia is estimated at Rp.32, 3 trillion which is 85% of the total losses and Rp 5, 7 trillion suffered by neighboring countries. This picture is a picture of the long-term health problems, changes in biological diversity, reduced aesthetic value and loss of foreign investor confidence. Meanwhile Susan Page and his colleagues estimate the amount of carbon released into the atmosphere from fires in the 0.79 million hectares of forest peat in their research area can reach 0.28 gigatonnes of carbon equivalent of 4.4% of the total carbon emissions worldwide each year (Nature Volume No. 420. 6911 p. 61). Carbon emissions into the atmosphere and then cause pollution and the greenhouse effect. Total losses of the above (approximately Rp.38 trillion) equivalent to 2.5% of GDP and exceeds the amount of funds needed to provide water and sanitation facilities for 120 million poor people. This amount is also more than twice the total foreign aid received by Indonesia each year.

Forest fires have been a vicious circle that the longer occurs the greater the danger that we will face. The loss of forest resources and environmental systems function for regional and local communities whose lives depend on the forests and the potential dangers that we pass on to our children a deep cause for concern. Although it has been often discussed, this paper seeks to summarize again the causal factors of forest fires continued to study the local and global impact of forest fires. This paper also proposed several measures to the government and we do to stop the rotation of the vicious circle of this forest fire.

2. The factors causing forest fires
Forest fires will only happen if there are two factors: the danger of fire (fire hazard) and the risk of fire (fire risk). Fire hazard is a measure of the amount, type and level of dryness of potential fuel (eg, pieces of wood, twigs and dried leaves) in the woods. Fire risk is the possibility of the fuel to start burning the most likely done intentionally in community activities.

Perhaps many of us who consider land clearing by burning is common. Indeed, this practice has been carried out since thousands of years ago for generations. But why only now practice this pose a problem? The answers are below.

At the beginning of tropical forests is not flammable and even burned (in the limit of the carrying capacity) of forest will be able to return to the original state of the ecosystem in a certain period. The principle of field burning in the dry season by farmers traditionally the cheapest way to clear land and soil fertility increased again. Rotation land as the principle of shifting cultivation and then provide opportunities for native species to return to the starting composition that has a high tolerance against fire. We need to realize that with the increasing number of residents on the island of Borneo the more the land is burned and the longer it is used seiringnya with less land and settled practice fields. This situation ultimately not give the opportunity for the regeneration of native vegetation. This is then compounded by the timber companies, timber estates and plantations also use the burning of forests to clear land in very large sizes. The rise of the timber companies, and plantation timber is due to high government support without the rule of law and strict environmental controls.

Besides increasing the risk of fire, burning practices on the land increase the number of fire hazards (fire hazard) in the forest. Fields that had just left the farmers and plantation would overgrown reeds used as a pioneer plant. Reed can be as fuel because it is flammable. Logging companies left many remnants of pieces of wood, branches and twigs are also easily burn. Project peatlands million hectares in 1995-1999 with a lot of clearing and digging canals to drain the peat soil moisture has reduced drastically. Along with the reduced diversity of vegetation on the surface, the timber and plantations, native species were also replaced with industrial plants are highly flammable. Humidity of tropical forests is also reduced due to the opening of foliage cover (canopy) which facilitates sunlight reaching the surface. Selective logging system also plays a role in the decline of forest mebuka humidity 40-50% of the canopy. Large-scale land clearing also means eliminating the barrier function of forests as water and wind. All these practices create forest fragments flammable which means increasing the fire hazard.

The high fire hazard (fire hazard) is equipped with a high risk of fire would automatically lead to forest fires. This is evident from the results of the mapping of forest fire spots indicating that the location of the forest fire is located in an area of ​​human activity. Forest fires then is a vicious circle which if not controlled will lead to increased disaster. Why is that? We will discuss below.

We all know that all natural elements in the world are related to one another. Change one element has an influence on other elements both on a local, regional and global levels. Forest fires in 1997-1998 exacerbated by prolonged drought caused by the El-Nino phenomenon that plays a role in reducing 10% of the annual rainfall in Borneo. El-Nino itself is related to human activities such as industrial pollution and global climate is getting warmer. Several studies have concluded that the frequency of occurrence of El-Nino higher. Forest fires alone on one side will cause global warming by the release of carbon monoxide and methane that contributes to the greenhouse effect.

Opportunities for the burnt forest to return to initial conditions depend on the extent and intensity of fires. A small fire took about 50 years, while tens and hundreds of years it takes to restore the medium and large fires. The seeds and roots of native vegetation existing underground fires will die on medium to large scale. Research also proves that the more frequent burning at the same field will reduce the quality of the crop. In addition, the vulnerability of forests against fire will be higher with more frequent fires in the forest. Remaining forests became emaciated and unable mentranspirasi which means more water increases the danger of fire (fire hazard). Fires every year caused more extensive damage / degradation. This suggests that forest fires are a vicious circle, more and more frequent. Figure 1 shows the inter-process feedback control forest fires.

3. The impacts of forest fires
The impacts of these fires can be categorized into economic, environmental, and health. Total economic losses nationwide have been mentioned in the introduction. Direct economic losses are: (1) the burning of wood resources, the results of field / farm and wild animals in vain, (2) the loss of other resources such as foodstuffs and medicines and recreation, (3) reduced visibility interfere with the drivers on land, water and air, (4) peliburan employees and school children because of the smoke nuisance. Indirect losses caused by the loss of environment and health will be discussed below. Long-term economic losses will be felt for local communities dependent on forest products such as foodstuffs, rattan, medicine and wood.

Losses environment itself is a long list, among others, the following: (1) the loss of biological diversity and habitat for wildlife, (2) loss of the ability of forests to retain water leading to water shortages in the dry season and floods during the rainy season; (3) increased erosion which is then washed away soil nutrients and sediments into the river, causing the proliferation of water hyacinth, siltation of rivers and lack of oxygen in the river water which ended its effect reduced river fish production, (4) interference with the hydrologic cycle in which reduced atmospheric humidity in the forest area, the formation of rain-producing clouds will decrease. Aerosols generated during forest fires also reduce the amount of rain and cause drought and hold pollutants in the air, (5) gas and pollutant addition to contributing to global warming also experience chemical reactions in the atmosphere that can produce ozone and acid rain harmful to creatures life, (6) the release of carbon into the atmosphere to global warming which then causes climate change and the higher average temperatures. This situation caused many fires and less rainfall in all parts of the world. On the other side of the world's global warming would lead to flooding, (7) the loss of the forest as a carbon reservoir bag (carbon sink) also play a role in local and global warming.

Meanwhile, the health impacts caused by forest fires mainly caused by air pollution from toxic substances such as carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, methane and aromatic hydrocarbons (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons), which is accumulative and cause cancer. This air pollution causes many diseases such as respiratory tract infections, sore eyes and skin, especially in those who are vulnerable such as children and elderly people.

4. Efforts to prevent forest fires
From the above discussion it is clear that the problem of forest fires cause economic, environmental and health was very bad. Economic benefits from forest exploitation is merely a short-term (20-30 years) losses suffered by the environment and surrounding population can reach a hundred years. Experts have many suggestions for preventing forest fires in Kalimantan. Unfortunately the seriousness of the government to deal with this issue very less. The key to prevention lies in the management of forest fires and forest land burning activities. Regional autonomy and the number of new districts greatly feared could cause forest fires are worse because of the exploitation of forests is considered as the fastest way to increase revenue. Figure 1 shows the processes that forest fires can be controlled by management and intervention.

Policies and procedures and the allocation of land use should be improved to ensure the use of forest resources that are environmentally friendly and long-term. Remote sensing technologies (remote sensing) and geographic information system (GIS) to facilitate the planning and regulation of land use and the early detection of fires is not lacking to support efforts to prevent this. Target transfer of forest land to logging, plantations and estates should be reduced and adjusted to the carrying capacity of the environment. Transfer activity in peat swamp forest lands should be eliminated so easily remember the peat fire and difficult to extinguish or if it must be done within the framework of urban development should be done with extreme caution. Therefore, each company must provide environmental impact study of the activities they will conduct. Law enforcement and strict control on forest use activities should be applied.

Fire fighting facilities such as fire engines capable of reaching remote areas and a network of water hydrants shall be provided in each district as a whole to prevent fires wide. The doors of the controller can be made on the canals in order to maintain the high ground water level in the forest. The University Palangkaraya expected to enhance research in order to prevent forest fires and search for appropriate methods to clean up and improve soil fertility. No less important is the awareness of employers and the community will be long-term effects of forest fires bigger losses than short-term gains from land clearing by burning. This awareness can be supported by providing penalties / fines for reckless use of fire in the dry season. Supporting facilities such as health centers and hospitals also need to be prepared to help people who are sick. Masks should be provided free or at a low price. It is also important fire fighting training for people living in the surrounding forest.

We have seen that the most disadvantaged because forest fires are local people whose lives depend on the benefits and functions of the forest. Already a right of local communities to defend the Dayak community and determine their own fate and the fate of their offspring in this case health care quality. It is ironic that since the days of New Order and Reform is only those centers and senior officials who enjoy the benefits of the exploitation of forest resources in Kalimantan while locals only just got the dregs. Local communities should have a voice in the decision-making of any development projects related to the forests where they live. Marginalized local communities need to be assisted by the universities and NGOs. Movement is compact and powerful people certainly capable of making the Government and its officials to pay more attention to the interests of the people rather than just their own interests. Elements of corruption and greed in the ranks of government must be removed first in order to ensure the realization of this goal.

Final word, which is needed to break the vicious cycle of forest fire problems increasingly large is a radical movement in all aspects simultaneously (concerted actions). Hopefully this article can help to increase our awareness of the dangers of forest fires and recalls the importance of preventing the vicious cycle of forest fires and children for the sake of plot Danum beloved ESU (land aiar beloved children and grandchildren). - August 2003.

photo by: https://www.facebook.com/ian.apokayan

map LAPAN

History of Establishment of Central Kalimantan Province

By Boby Arya-Umar Anggen The Dayak United (File)

Barito region, Kapuas and Kotawaringin very rich in natural resources (NR). But unfortunately for members of the South Kalimantan, do not enjoy the fruits of that wealth. In poor condition, the Dayak leaders emerging desire to have their own separate province of South Kalimantan. ELLEN D, Palangkaraya.

DESIRE formation province alone produces States Kaharingan Dayak Indonesia (SKDI) dated July 20, 1950 in the village of Tangkahen. Andung Sahari is chairman. The Congress SKDI Bahu village Pallava dated July 15 to 22, 1953, appearing Dayak community's desire to be given an autonomous region off South Kalimantan. The Congress approved a nonbinding vote No. 1/Kong/1953 dated July 22, 1953 that the contents forming the central government of Central Kalimantan province before the 1955 General Election with the region include Barito regency, Kapuas and Kotawaringin. However, the motion was not addressed by the Minister of Home Affairs period. December 1955 in Jakarta, Indonesia All People's Congress (KRSI) implemented. This is an opportunity re-establish the Dayak community demands. But, again, these demands can not be met by government center. Congress only approved the expansion Kalimantan province into three, namely West Kalimantan, South Kalimantan and East Kalimantan.
Kalimantan region (Barito, Kapuas and Kotawaringin) under South Kalimantan. The reason for the central government at that time, Kalteng not afford to pay the housekeeping area as the autonomous regions and the financial condition of the country are still not allowed to form a new province. Human resources (HR) in the region, especially skilled and educated workers to the task of governance and development is also expressed still lacking.

"People are very sorry Dayak Kalimantan radio address Mendagri (time, Red) which states have established time for residents of Central Kalimantan Province reached approximately 500 thousand inhabitants. It also said the Dayak community has not been a determination that has life / society are well established and there are no young intellectual. Actually, the reason it is very weak and sought after, "the history of the struggle for a glimpse of the book that was written Kalimantan province formation Drs F and Sion Ibat Chornain SmHk Stomach this.

Although the demand is not met, the spirit of Isen Mulang (persist) to achieve autonomous provinces remained embedded in the hearts of the Dayak community at that time. On the one hand, the character of the people of Central Kalimantan Dayak concert spearheaded Mahir Mahar. On the other hand, young people under the leadership of Christian Simbar aka Uriah Mapas struggling Mandulin holds up in arms over Mandau Talawang Pancasila Movement (GMTPS). Members GMTPS determined to fight to the death. Therefore, GMTPS allegedly by security forces as a movement that makes unstable security.

Momentum is used congress urged the central government to immediately establish Kalimantan province. Kalimantan People's Congress was held at Chung Hua Tsung Hui Building, Jalan P Ocean Banjarmasin on December 2 to 5, 1956. While congress, GMTPS troops armed struggle in the countryside. Since the congress, Sahari Andung had assumed there would be arrests. Allegations were true because the return of the Congress, Sahari Andung, Willy Djimat and Robert Bana were arrested at their respective places by security and thrown in jail in the Gulf, Banjarmasin for three months.

"On October 19, 1953, the parent GMTPS headquarters in the village of Round Buntok attacked police officers, causing civilian casualties, that Tina (grammar school pupil / SR) is death / died on the spot. Getuk and Nyurek (communities) seriously injured. As a result of the police raid, 86 members GMTPS Simbar led Christian counterattack against Buntok Police headquarters on 22 November 1953. The battle that brought a lot of victims of the security forces, civil servants, civil society and GMTPS. Police surrounded the headquarters of the two majors so there is no way out and many of them are the victims, "the authors wrote on page 22.

1955 Election GMTPS stop physical activity because it did not want to say as the party that made the mess. Post-election, gunfire occurred again. Among others in Pujon in November 1955, clashes in the village of Madara with the military, Butong Village, the Village and Village Hayaping Lahei. In the physical clash in the army and GMTPS Hayaping on December 15, 1955, the wife of Christian Tate Rusine Simbar made him pass for 605 Battalion arrested so troops can GMTPS escape and save themselves.

GMTPS physical activity increased in 1956 because there was no sign of the seriousness of the government formed Kalimantan province. Gun battle with security forces are common. Finally, based on the Decree of the Minister of Home Affairs Decree No. U/34/41/24 dated December 28, 1956, preparatory work began to be formed Kalimantan province starting January 1, 1957. The central government through radio broadcasts also requested that the gunfire stopped. Completion of the Regional Committee for Victims of Chaos (PPKKD) Kalteng formed headed by Mahir Mahar. Duties, talks with GMTPS.

Dated March 1, 1957, there was a negotiation in the village of Madara, Buntok. The talks resulted in several key decisions, including the establishment of the province of Central Kalimantan area includes Barito regency, Kapuas and Kotawaringin be approved by the government. No charges / legal process for all victims, both from the GMTPS and the security forces and the distribution of GMTPS members who are interested in the army, police or civil servants. Then, capital assistance for members who wish to seek appropriate GMTPS expertise and delivery GMTPS weapons to the government through traditional ceremonies.

Negotiations in progress ended with the establishment of Central Kalimantan province on May 23, 1957 by Tjilik Riwut as its first governor. "Kalimantan is the only province that formed the Emergency Law. Formation is a meeting point between the demands of the Dayak community either through negotiations or armed movement GMTPS the government's seriousness in addressing these demands.

Furthermore, each dated May 23 is celebrated as the anniversary of Central Kalimantan province, "wrote Zion Ibat and Chornain Stomach.

From the website of the local newspaper "Kalteng Post Online"

Glowing Mushrooms Found in Borneo

Friday, October 5, 2012 10:41 PM

AMSTERDAM, tribunkaltim.co.id - mushroom expert from the Netherlands found two species of fungi are capable of producing light in his expedition to Borneo. One of the suspected fungus speies new species.

"Fungi that produce light rare but exist in certain parts of the world. Phenomenon is called bioluminesense and can only be seen in the dark in the woods," said Luis Morgardo from Leiden University, one of the scientists involved in the discovery of writings on Biodiversity Center Naturalist, Tuesday (09/25/2012).

To find these species, Morgardo working with other scientists including Jozsef Geml, assistant professor and researcher at the University of Leiden in the Netherlands National Herbarium, who became his supervisor. They explore the ecosystems on Mount Kinabalu, Borneo in Malaysia. Expedition to find the fungus has to be done at night.

"During the day, one species may be encountered and photographed without knowing that the species too, entered bioluminesens, only expedition in the evening that could reveal hidden phenomena at noon today," said Morgardo.

Morgardo adding that to find exotic species, expedition evening had to be done. If you just follow the habit, go early and go home before the sun sets, Morgardo mengatkan, "you risk to melelwatkan valuable discovery."

According Morgardo, bioluminesens the fungus is the result of the oxidation process and has not been well documented. Bioluminesens a fungal strategy to attract insects that can spread the spores. In the tropical rain forest is minimal wind to spread the spores, insects are very valuable.

In addition to finding this glowing mushroom, a team of researchers from the Netherlands who was also accompanied by Malaysian researchers also collected DNA samples from 1400 3500 species of plants, animals and fungi. From the analysis results, it was revealed at least 160 species are not yet known.

LiveScience reported on Thursday (10/04/2012), other researchers who participated in the expedition, Hans Feijen, finding flies whose eyes have some sort of rod to attract females. Flies that otherwise could live up to 1.5 years of age who long for groups of insects.

Rachel Schwallier, other researchers, also found a bag semar type of Nepenthes lowii in place that has not been documented as a habitat for the species. All these findings will be published next year.

Editor: Adhinata Kusuma
Source: Kompas.com
: http://kaltim.tribunnews.com/mobile/index.php/2012/10/05/jamur-bercahaya-ditemukan-di-borneo

Graves Century 18 Biggest Found

Human skeleton in an urn in the grave site urns District Sangasanga, Kutai regency, East Kalimantan, on Saturday (5/6). The research team from the Institute of Archaeology Banjarmasin found 52 urns containing human remains in excavations for 21 days. The tomb is thought to have existed since the 18th century.

Monday, June 7, 2010 - Tenggarong, KOMPAS - Archaeological research team found the grave human-18th century the largest in Sub Sangasanga In, Sangasanga district, Kutai regency, East Kalimantan. The grave was in the form of 52 tajau or jar containing a human skeleton, three skeletons were intact.


Burial Research Team Leader Tajau Sangasanga Sugiyanto Bambang told reporters on Saturday (06/05/2010), said the graves tajau, jars, or martavan is already on the 18th century and became the largest ever found in Indonesia.

Chinese urn patterned carvings from the 16th century until the 18th century. Plates from the 18th century. Bone and soil samples sent to a laboratory in Jakarta to determine the age and type of grave human race.

Three jars were intact now secured at the Museum of the Red and White Sangasanga. The rest broke into pieces and dumped back at any time to further research dismantled. Each jar contains the framework of a single individual with no possessions.

Framework in secondary burial jars is a pattern on the Dayak traditions. Secondary means that the body buried in the ground until transferred to the jar with traditional rituals. The number of individuals in the urn depict a minimal number of animals sacrificed.

Head of Archaeological Heritage Preservation Hall Dublin Tri Edi Haryantoro ask Kutai regency government to secure the status of the excavation site.

Sangasanga known as the Dutch heritage. There were residential oil and gas company employee nod of the 19th century. There, a battle between Indonesia and the Netherlands in the early period of independence. (BRO)


from : http://hurahura.wordpress.com/2010/06/07/kuburan-abad-ke-18-terbesar-ditemukan/

Indonesia denies it has any indigenous pefoples

1 October 2012

In West Papua, the killings, torture and rape of tribal peoples are commonplace.

© Survival International

The government of Indonesia has responded to UN recommendations to recognize the rights of its indigenous peoples by claiming that none live in Indonesia. In fact, Indonesia is home to an estimated 50-70 million indigenous and tribal people.

In a response to the United Nations Periodic Review, a four–year human rights check-up for all countries, Indonesia said this month, ‘The Government of Indonesia supports the promotion and protection of indigenous people worldwide… Indonesia, however, does not recognize the application of the indigenous peoples concept… in the country’.

The UN’s report recommended that Indonesia should consider ratifying ILO Convention 169, the only international law for indigenous and tribal peoples. It also recommended that Indonesia should secure the rights of indigenous peoples, especially to their traditional lands, territories and resources. Indonesia’s denial of the existence of indigenous peoples within its borders was in response to this.

Survival International believes that Indonesia treats its indigenous and tribal people, especially in West Papua, worse than any other country in the world. In West Papua killings, torture and rape of tribal people are commonplace – the figure of 100,000 people killed since 1963 is believed to be a conservative estimate.

The denial of the very existence of indigenous peoples in Indonesia is symptomatic of the government’s total disregard for their rights.

Indonesia’s President, Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono, will travel to the UK for a State visit on October 31st.

Note to Editors:

You can read the UN’s Periodic Review on Indonesia here (PDF, 2.6 MB)

You can read Indonesia’s response to the review here (PDF, 368 KB)

from : http://www.survivalinternational.org/news/8710